The myth that dogs are colourblind has been circulating for many years. The truth is that dogs dont just see in simple black, grey and white. In fact they have no problem seeing a list of other colours from yellow to violet. What they do have difficulty seeing is hues of red, green and orange.
Dogs eyes have something called photoreceptors in their retinas. These are divided into two categories rods and cones. Dog's eyes have a high number of rods. Comparatively, human eyes have a high level of cones. They are also missing the fovea seen in human eyes, preventing their vision from being as clear.
Despite this and their inability to see objects in great details, dogs have excellent night vision and a superior ability to track movement.
So, how was it discovered that dogs see in limited colours? Around 100 years ago tests were carried out (purporting to be scientific) to determine just what sorts of colours dogs were able to see. However, the actual tests that were carried out did not help to determine the range of colours that dogs could see, but rather they showed that colour vision does not play a part in a dogs daily life.
It was another 90 years before further tests were carried out to determine whether dogs are colourblind or not. In 1989 the three researchers Neitz, Geist and Jacobs carried out a number of tests on domestic dogs and were able to determine the following. 1 Dogs have two kinds of colour receptors in their eyes and so are dichromatic. 2 In dog's colour receptors, one peaks for the blue to violet range and the other for the yellow to green range. In 1993 and 1995 further research was carried out that again supported these findings.
Dogs in fact suffer from a form of green colour blindness similar to human red-green colour blindness. This particular illness is more commonly referred to as deuteranopia.
The term colourblind can often be misleading. It does not automatically suggest an incapability to see colours. It is a specific condition that some humans are also known to suffer from and though dogs are not capable of seeing a similar level of colours as humans, they can see shades that fall between blue, violet and yellow.
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